What is decoding in reading?

Decoding in reading refers specifically to the ability to convert written words into their spoken forms. This process involves recognizing letters and their corresponding sounds (phonemes) to read words accurately. It is a fundamental skill that enables readers to pronounce words, which is a crucial step in the reading process. While interpreting the meaning behind words, identifying vowel digraphs, and comprehending the overall message of a text are all important aspects of literacy, they pertain to different elements of reading—such as vocabulary and comprehension. Decoding focuses solely on the bridge between print and sound, making it essential for developing proficient reading skills.