What does literacy encompass?

Literacy encompasses a wide range of skills and knowledge that are essential for learning to read effectively. This includes not just the ability to decode words, but also understanding the relationships between sounds and letters, vocabulary development, comprehension skills, and the ability to engage with texts across various contexts and formats. Option B accurately reflects the holistic nature of literacy, which involves various components such as phonemic awareness, fluency, and comprehension strategies. These elements work together to enable individuals to read, understand, and critically engage with written material. This multifaceted approach recognizes that literacy extends beyond simply knowing how to read; it includes the ability to apply reading skills in meaningful ways.