What does fluency in reading refer to?

Fluency in reading is best defined as the ability to read a text accurately and quickly while also applying proper expression. This skill encompasses several key components: speed, accuracy, and prosody (the rhythm and intonation of speech). When a reader is fluent, they can recognize words automatically and read smoothly, which allows them to focus their cognitive resources on understanding the meaning of the text rather than struggling to decode the words. This fluidity not only enhances comprehension but also makes reading more enjoyable and engaging.

Other options focus on different aspects of literacy; for instance, understanding text and writing critically are important skills but do not specifically define the concept of reading fluency. Fluency is exclusively about the mechanics of reading performance, which includes the seamless integration of accurate word recognition and expressive reading.