In the context of reading, what does 'decoding' mean?

Decoding refers specifically to the process of translating written text into spoken words. This skill encompasses recognizing letters and their corresponding sounds, as well as understanding the rules of sound combinations to form words. It is a foundational skill in reading because it allows individuals to pronounce words as they encounter them, which is essential for reading fluency and comprehension. When students decode effectively, they gain the ability to read unfamiliar words, which contributes significantly to their overall reading ability. This skill lays the groundwork for further reading development, including comprehension and critical analysis of texts.