Define 'phonics' in reading instruction.

Phonics is defined as a method of teaching reading that emphasizes sound-letter relationships. This approach involves recognizing that letters and combinations of letters represent specific sounds in spoken language. By understanding these relationships, students can decode words, which is essential for reading fluency and comprehension.

In phonics instruction, students learn how to blend sounds together to form words, which directly supports their ability to read new words independently. It promotes the understanding that print is connected to speech, enabling learners to effectively make the transition from spoken language to reading. This foundation in phonics is crucial for building strong reading skills and is widely supported by research as a vital component of effective reading instruction.